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DePIN, shorthand for decentralized physical infrastructure, is a burgeoning sector in the crypto space that combines various technologies to maintain a global network of physical assets. It encompasses protocols leveraging blockchain for a decentralized approach to infrastructure management, supported by participants providing computational resources. DePIN projects are divided into two categories: Physical Resource Networks (PRN), which include essential hardware for connectivity, and Digital Resource Networks (DRN), supplying the digital resources necessary for operating physical systems. Notable DePIN projects include Render Network, which decentralizes GPU cloud rendering, and The Graph, Filecoin, Arweave, Akash Network, AIOZ Network, Bittensor, Helium Network, IOTA, and Theta Network, each contributing to the advancement of decentralized infrastructure solutions.

Undervalued cryptocurrencies are gaining attention with potential for significant growth. Nosana (NOS-USD), a decentralized GPU grid, allows users to share computing power and earn rewards in $NOS tokens, showing a 1,000% increase since March. The Render Network (RNDR-USD) enables GPU owners to rent their computing power for various industries, with a 1,125% rise since July 2022. Ondo (ONDO-USD), a DeFi platform, aims to provide institutional-grade financial services to everyone, with ONDO tokens surging over 300% since the beginning of the year.

Crypto analysts are predicting a Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network (DePin) supercycle, driven by Web3 and AI advancements, reminiscent of the early Internet era. DePin aims to decentralize applications currently dominated by tech giants like AWS and Google Cloud. The AI sector is particularly active, with growing demand for GPUs as AI models become more complex. Projects like io.net and Aethir are expected to secure significant market shares early on. DeFi analyst Cyril points to altcoins like Helium's MOBILE, OriginTrail's TRAC, and Nosana's NOS as having potential in the DePin ecosystem. Other noteworthy tokens include Theta Network's THETA for decentralized video streaming and The Graph's GRT for organizing blockchain data for efficient Web3 applications. Render (RNDR) and Filecoin (FIL) are also contributing to the DePin infrastructure, showcasing the growing integration of blockchain in real-world applications.

IoTeX has introduced a novel approach in decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePins) called the Modular DePin Infrastructure, which aims to redefine the creation and functionality of Web3 technologies. This innovation is more efficient and cost-effective compared to traditional infrastructures. The Modular DePin Infrastructure addresses the challenges faced by DePin startups, such as limited funding and technical difficulties, by offering a flexible and community-driven framework. The infrastructure's modular design allows for the assembly of customized applications through various modules, such as hardware abstraction, connectivity, sequencer, data availability, long-term storage, off-chain computing, blockchain, identity, and governance. Developers can select and combine these modules based on their project's specific needs, providing unparalleled adaptability. The modular system's flexibility supports the development of a wide range of DePin applications, including sensor networks, connectivity networks, and computing networks. Significant DePin projects like DIMO, Hivemapper (HONEY), WeatherXM, Helium, Nodle (NODL), Wicrypt (WNT), Render Network (RNDR), and Akash Network (AKT) exemplify the successful application of this modular infrastructure. The connectivity module explores wireless communication techniques to enhance connections within Web3 networks, incorporating technologies like Bluetooth, LoRaWAN, WiFi, and 5G. The sequencer and data availability modules have been adapted from existing solutions to better suit DePin applications, while long-term storage solutions like Filecoin (FIL) and Arweave (AR) meet these applications' storage needs. Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum (ETH), IoTeX, and Solana (SOL) provide essential infrastructure for development.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) are revolutionizing the technological landscape. DePIN projects, which combine blockchain with physical infrastructure, are set to transform resource management and information processing in 2024. Here's a look at the top AI & DePIN projects to watch this year: DePIN projects integrate digital blockchain capabilities with physical infrastructures like data storage and power grids. They aim to disrupt sectors traditionally controlled by central authorities. Notable projects include: - **Filecoin (FIL)**: A decentralized storage network where users can rent out space for filecoin tokens. With over 1.7 billion EiB of data stored, Filecoin has introduced smart contracts through the Filecoin Virtual Machine (FVM). - **Helium (HNT)**: A decentralized wireless network for IoT devices, using a Proof of Coverage consensus algorithm. It incentivizes network coverage through HNT tokens. - **Akash Network (AKT)**: An open-source cloud computing platform connecting server owners with users needing cloud resources, operating on the Tendermint blockchain. - **NEAR Protocol**: A community-powered cloud platform with high transaction speeds, simplifying developer experiences with intuitive features. - **Arweave (AR)**: Known as 'the permaweb,' Arweave offers indefinite data storage through its blockweave technology. - **Theta Network (THETA)**: A blockchain-based video streaming network where users earn tokens by sharing bandwidth and compute resources. - **Render Network (RNDR)**: A decentralized GPU network for 3D rendering, connecting node operators with artists and developers. - **Node AI (GPU)**: Provides access to GPU and AI technologies, allowing users to participate in the AI ecosystem. - **Streamr (DATA)**: A decentralized data exchange for real-time data transactions, incentivizing data providers and consumers. - **Bittensor (TAO)**: Combines blockchain with machine learning, incentivizing nodes for AI calculations and governance. DePIN projects enhance security, scalability, and efficiency by connecting physical assets with blockchain technology. This integration forms a robust ecosystem with three layers: physical infrastructure, middleware, and the blockchain itself. The future of DePIN looks bright, with a growing market size and potential applications in various sectors. Investments in DePIN projects like Helium are considered promising for 2024. However, it's crucial to conduct thorough research before investing in any cryptocurrency project.